ABSTRACT The efficiency of recurrent selection depends, among other factors, on the estimation of parameters that guide the breeder to obtain genetic gains for multiple traits. The aim of this research was to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters of maize populations during the third cycle of recurrent selection for traits of interest. The populations CRE-01 and CRE-02, potential for resistance to corn stunt, were described using genetic and phenotypic parameters of variance components, heritability, variation indices and correlation between 16 agronomic traits. Direct and indirect selection gains were estimated for each trait and considering the Smith and Hazel, Mulamba and Mock and Z index. Both populations have genetic variability for the traits. High heritability estimates were obtained for most of the traits, which associated with the genetic variability, indicate that these populations may show continuous gains with recurrent selection. All selection indexes provided satisfactory genetic gains, but the Z index was the most promising considering the results of both populations.

ABSTRACT The production of green maize is considerable important for various regions of Brazil. It is vital that breeding programs of public institutions seek to meet the needs of this market sector, which has a relevant social role, mainly on small properties. The aim of this study was to estimate the inbreeding depression and the genetic components (m + a and d) of characters associated with green maize production and quality in three populations of different genetic basis: the variety UFG-Samambaia (P1), and two populations formed by crossing the commercial hybrids (P2 e P3). The S1 progenies of each population, the three S0 populations, and two checks were evaluated in a 14 × 14 triple lattice design. Agronomic and ear quality traits were evaluated. Genetic variability and greater inbreeding depression were observed for most of the traits among the P1 progenies. In P2 and P3, greater inbreeding depression was observed for male flowering, ear weight without straw, ear diameter, ear weight, female flowering, breakage and lodging, and grain color. The traits of ear quality, important for green maize production, had greater inbreeding depression than the agronomic traits, indicating that inbreeding depression and exploitation of heterosis should be considered in the selection process for these traits.

Abstract Topcrosses are routinely used in maize-hybrid programs. This study aimed to evaluate heterosis components and combining ability to predict hybrid means between synthetics from two groups of S1 maize lines using the intergroup topcrosses model that includes S2 lines. Two groups, each with 30 S1 maize lines, were crossed using an intergroup topcross system, with a mixture of lines from one group as a tester for the contrasting group. Simultaneously, 30 S2 lines from each group were generated via self-pollination. Lines and topcrosses were experimentally evaluated and the data were analyzed using a model adapted to the study design. The results showed the suitability of the proposed model for studying heterosis components and general combining ability, detailing additive and dominance effects. Prediction of hybrid means between synthetics showed the potential of the lines to generate base populations for an interpopulation breeding program.